Bulk Density and Voids (Fine Aggregate)

Bulk density is measured by filling a container of known volume with sand — either loosely poured or compacted in layers with a tamping rod — and weighing the contents. Combined with the material's specific gravity, this gives the percentage of voids between particles.

Bulk density and voids content are used to estimate yield (volume of aggregate needed per unit volume of concrete) and to assess how well a gradation packs together.